Remote indicating plant operating on the impulse compensation method



Oct. 19, 1948. w. BEUSCH 2,451,606

' REMOTE INDICATING PLANT OPERATING ON THE IMPULSE COMPENSATION METHOD Original Filed April 28, 1942 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR.

14/1114 Beusch A T TORNEXS' Oct. 19, 1948. W.'BEUSCH 0 REMOTE INDIGATING PLANT OPERATING ON THE 7 IMPULSE COMPENSATION METHOD Original Filed April 28, 1942 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. W! Z Z i Beusch BY WW, WFEMW A TTORNE Y5.

' Patented Oct. 19, 1948 UNITED STATES PATENT 2,451,606 OFFICE REMOTE INDICATI'NG PLANT OPERA T- ING ON THE IMPULSE COMPENSATION METHOD Willi Beusch, Zug, Switzerland, assignor to Landis & Gyr, A-G., Zug, Switzerland, a body corporate of Switzerland Refiled for abandoned application April 28, 1942,

Serial No. 440,788. Divided and this application May 16, 1947, Serial No. 748,610. In Switzerland May 5, 1941 Section 1, Public Law csunu ust s, 1946 Patent expires May 5, 1961 set. However, such remote indicating systems working on the compensation method and on that with Variation of current sufier from the serious disadvantage of not being able to be applied to all kind-s .of transmission lines, as the reliability of the transmission is largely dependent on the condition of the line used, that is, insulation defects, resistance of line and leakage. For this reason and despite their remarkable merits these compensation methods are inferior to the impulse method.

However, in order to utilize the advantages of both compensation and impulse methods in the transmission of measured values, it has been suggested to adopt the methods in remote metering in such a way that simultaneously by utilization of the advantages of the impulse method, the above mentioned drawbacks of the compensation method are obviated. Here again, those impulse compensation methods have proven advantageous in which the transmitter-compensation system controls an impulse generating device, so that only upon alteration of the measured value, direct current impulses are given to the receiver, whereby, according to the rising or falling tendency of the measured value, both impulse sequences sent are distinguished from each other as to their signs.

In this remote metering plant operating'on the impulse compensation method, however, an indicatin or pointer instrument .is used for measuring at the transmitting end. Here we have transmission of the deflection of the indicatoror pointer instrument. Such indicating instru- 'ments, however, possess in general a comparatively. low torque, so that they do not absolutely ensure a reliable remote metering. Moreover, the adoption of a pointer instrument further implies a structure of the compensation system which is comparatively intricate and likewise objectionable-in service. In this case it is, for instance, necessary to have recourse to a contact balance, whichyapart from the compensation device, is also influenced by the pointer instrument. Hence, in order not to charge the pointer instrument too heavily, the contact balance can- 17 Claims. (01177-351) not be made sufilciently robust. The contacts of the contact balance, however, are liable to stress or wear on account of frequent switching, so that, if not strong enough,,theirlife will be short. In addition, an objectionably working contact balance afiects the testing accuracy.

In most cases the indicating instrument of the transmitter-compensation system will be an electric one. Then, too, the disadvantages entailed by the use of electric pointer instruments 'will still arise. For instance, in the transmission of 7 electric power a Ferraris-wattmeter is only very reluctantly used on account of its dependability on temperature, its low torqueand other detrimental properties. As these watt-meters are not made in quantities their cost is comparatively high.

The invention relates to a-remote indicating plant operating on the impulse compensation method, in which a transmitter-compensation system controls an impulse generating device in such a way that impulses are emitted to the receiving end merely upon alteration of the meas-v ured value, whereby, according to the rising or falling tendency of the value the two emitted impulse sequences are distinguished from each other as to their kind. According to the invention the mentioned drawbacks of similar remote metering plants are obviated by the fact that a device of the transmitter compensation system responsive to the difference of the speeds of the rotating measuring and compensating instrument controls is provided, in addition to the apparatus setting up a compensation current for the compensation device, and an impulse generating appliance or device producing the two distinguished impulse sequences; further, that according to the direction of the speed difference of the differential arrangement, each time the one or the other impulse-sequence transmitted acts upona receiver difierential arrangement influencing the device for indicating or integrating the transmitted rate of speed.

Consequently, for the measuring device of the transmitter compensation system a rotating and not a pointer type metering device is adopted. Rotatingmetering instruments, however, especially if electricity meters are used, are of outstanding workmanship, extremely well tested in practice and madeinlarge quantities. There- -f-ore th ey ensure in every respect adequate reliability, testing accuracy and economy. Thus the impulse compensation methods utilizing a rotating transmitter compensation system are not afiected by the drawbacks of similar methods hitherto known.

In one form of embodiment, the differential arrangement of the transmitter compensation system may comprise a difierential gear whose sun wheels are driven theopposite way by the rotary metering or compensation device and whose planet gear axis drives the setting apparatus for the compensation current and the impulse generating appliance. Thereby the impulses of both sequences produced by the impulse generating appliance can be either alternating or direct current impulses distinguished from each other by their frequency and polarity, respectively.

In the accompanying drawings one form of embodiment of the invention is illustrated. It is a remote metering plant by means of which the output of an electric distribution network is to be transmitted over a distance.

Fig. l is a diagrammatic showing of such a plant;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the details of the control device H shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a side elevation of certain of the mechanism shown in Fig. 1 as viewed along line 3-3 of Fig. 1; and,

Fig. 4 is a side elevation of certain of the mechanism shown in Fig. l as viewed along line 4-4 of Fig. 1.

The transmitting end I comprises: one electricity meter 1 serving as indicatin instrument, one electricity meter 2 serving as compensation device, one difierential arrangement 3, one potentiometer 4, one impulse generating appliance 5 and two alternating current sources 6, i.

The difierential gearing of the differential arrangement 3 is connected with its sun wheel 9 over gearing l0, control device i I, gearing I2 with the indicating meter l, and with its sun wheel is over gearing l4, control device l5, gearing i6 with the compensation meter 2, as well as with its planet gear 8 to the rotary shaft H operating a rotary contact l8 of the potentiometer 4. This shaft I! is also connected through gearing 20, 20' with the transmitters of the impulse generating appliance 5, as hereinafter described. Each of the gearings l and Id of the differential arrangement 3 are in addition coupled through gearing 2| and 22, to servo-motors 23, 26, respectively.

The control devices l I, I which serve the purpose of releasing the meters I, 2 from driving work for the diiIerential arrangement 3 may be designed as synchronous or lagging control devices. Should, for example, a time-lag indicating device he adopted for the control device ll, it follows that if a part of the control device ll driven by meter l is adjusted by an amount corresponding to the rate of speed, then a part of control device H driven by servo-motor 23 is regulated by an equal amount, being transmitted over gearing 10 and sun wheel '9 to the planet gear shaft H. The control device l l is thereby so constructed that the servo-motor 23 exerts practically no reaction moment on meter I. In Fig, 2 there is illustrated such a time-lag control device wherein it will be apparent that drivin movements of the meter l actuating gearing i2 and rotating the interrupted cylindrical member 50 will be duplicated on the gearing ill by motor 23 through the control of the bent double ended arm 5! cooperating with cylindrical member 50. It will be understood that the control device i l shown in detail in Fig. 2 is duplicated in devices H5, H1 and I51 shown in Fig. 1. The meter 1 thus merely serves for control, while motor 23, steered by control device H, assumes the drive of the differential arrangement 3. The drive of the differential arrangement 3 by motors 23 and 24'. is effected in such a way that the sun wheels 9, it of the differential gear 8 are caused to rotate in opposite directions. Thus, according to the greater speed of one or the other of the sun wheels 9 and is, the planet wheel shaft ll of the differential gear 8 is moved in the one or the other direction,

The impulse generating appliance 5 consists of two make and break impulse transmitters 25 and 25. The impulse transmitter 25 comprises a collector 2! in the form of a commutator wheel or drive and a pair of brushes 2%} connected therewith and conductively connected to the alternating current source 6. The impulse transmitter 2t comprises a similar collector 28 and a pair of brushes 3G conductively connected to the alternating current source '9'. The impulse generating appliance 5 is so designed that in one rotary direction of the planet wheel shaft ll of the differential arrangement 3 the impulse transmitter 25, and in the other rotary direction of the planet wheel shaft I? the impulse transmitter 26, comes into action. These actions are permitted by reverse pawl and ratchet connections 52 and 53, shown in detail in Figs. 3 and 4 of the drawings, between the axle El and gear sets 26 and Eli, and the collectors 2i and 28. ihereby 5O periodic impulses of alternating current are emitted in one case and in the other. In the drawing, arrows above the collectors 27!, 2% indicate the rotary direction in which the impulse transmitters 25, 25, respectively, become effective.

On the receiving end II, a difierential arrangement is also provided, comprising likewise elements and gear parts as shown in differential arrangement 3 of the transmitting side, Therefore the parts identical with those of the transmitting set are designated by the corresponding reference numerals marked with additional index i for differentiation.

Further, each of the gears H1 and M51 is coupled to an escapement wheel 3i and 32 or" a blocking mechanism 33 and 3a, whose release member 35 and 38 is connected with an armature 3S! and (iii, of an impulse relay M and M, respectively,

each armature being under tension of a spring 31 and 38, respectively. Both impulse relays iii and at are designed as frequency relays, whereby the impulse relay ll responds to a frequency of 59 cycles per second and the impulse relay 32 to a frequency of 150 cycles per second.

The planet wheel shaft H1 is connected in addition to rotary contact I81 of potentiometer 41 with a movable pointer i iarranged to operate over a scale 43. The current set up by potentiometer d1 is conveyed to an electricity meter 21 independent of variations in the voltage.

Upon alteration of the rate of speed, for example, with decreasing output, the running of meter I varies. Then the control devic ii influenced by meter 5 will steer the servo-motor 23 so that the speed transferred to sun Wheel 5 of the difierential gear 8 remains behind the speed of sun Wheel l3 derived from compensation meter 2,

frequency 56 are transmitted to the receiving end I II, Consequently these impulses will bring to engagement the impulse relay d i turned for analternating current of; 50 cycles. Each impulse effects a short release of the escapement wheel iii of the blocking mechanism 33, so that through control device H1 the servo-motor- 231 cause the escapement wheel 3| to move further by one tooth, and with it the sun wheel 9 of differential gear 81 by a corresponding amount. This amount of motion is then transferred to the planet wheel shaft H1, whereby again the pointer 44 and hence the rotary contact I81 of potentiometer 41 is accordingly adjusted to the left. The pointerthen indicates the value measured by meter l at the transmitting end I, while meter 21 of the receiving end II runs more slowly due to the decreased current set up by potentiometer 41, thus likewise integrating the transmitted value in a clockwork.

The adjustment of pointer M and rotary contacts I8 and I81 of potentio-meters 4 and 41 of the transmitting and receiving sets respectively proceeds until the speed of the compensation meter 2 of the transmitter compensation systems equals that of meter l. Both sun wheels 9, [3 of the differential gear 8 of the transmitter differential arrangement attain the same speed, so that the planet wheel shaft I! again comes at rest. Short-;

ly after the last impulse also the transmission of the motion controlled by blocking mechanism 33 on indicator M3 and rotary contact I81 of potentiometer 4, is effected. By this an indication as well as an integration of the transmitted value is accomplished at the receiving end.

The retardation of the indications of the receiving instrument is very slight, ije, only fractions of a second. The impulse generating appliance 5 operates preferably so that on altering the rate of speed by 1% an impulse is given and withl00% load 100 impulses are sent. In the present case such an impulsefrequency is fully satisfactory for adequate accurate remote indication.

With rising power measured by meter l at the transmitting end the performance i similar. In this case the sun wheel 9 of differential arrangement 8 driven by meter I will rotate more rapidl than the sun wheel i3 controlled by compensationt.

meter 2. Consequently the rotary contact It} of the transmitter potentiometer 4 will now be adjusted in the opposite way to that described above, and the impulse transmitter 26 will continue to effectuate the generation and emission of alternating current impulses of the frequency 150. Thus, at the receiving end II, the frequency relay t2 tuned to the frequency of 150 cycles per second is now excited and hence the indicator 44 with turning contact I81 of the receiver potentiometer;

1 adjusted the opposite way to that described above, 1. e. to the right. The higher value is then indicated by pointer M and integrated by electricity meter 21.

In order to obviate errors which may possibly:

arise by disturbing impulses, the meter I can be disconnected by a breaker, preferably controlled by a time-switch. In this case the compensation meter 2 then running quite alone brings the cum il'i co t ct of otentiometer 4 to the ero DQfii' tion. In a similar. waythe meter 2; provides of coursefcr-the resettingto zero of the rotary contactof potentiometer- .4 in the receiving set. After correction the whole plant comes to a standstill. O n switching onmeter I the remote indication of the value' to be transmitted is resumed normally. According to given circumstances said correction of the plant can be carried out once or several times a day.

Evidently, instead of an electric power also any other electric value can be transferred over a distance. It is, for instance, likewisepossible to transmit the apparent power of a distribution network. Hereby the suitable procedure is such that the impulses corresponding to both the active and reactive components are separately sent from the transmitter to the receiving end each by means of a transmitter compensation system and each actuating in the receiving set a differential arrangement whose planet wheel shafts act upon potentiometers. The currents set up by these potentiometers are then conveyed to meters being independent of changesin the voltage, said meters driving a clockwork integrating device connected gear arrangement that forms the geometrical sum of the active and reactive component. To this end the well-known differential arrangements with various gear ratios and overhauling gears can be employed. Then, at the receiving end both the active and reactive as well as the apparent consumption can be. recorded.

It is understood that with the remote indicating plant according to the invention, the apparent consumption of several remote measuring places can betransmitted to th receiving place and integrated there. Thereby the impulses corresponding to the active component of each transmitting set act upon sun wheels of asummation differential arrangement comprising several differential gears, and similarly the impulses corresponding to the reactive component of each transmitting set act upon an additional summation differential arrangement. To constitute the integral apparent consumption both summation differential gear arrangements act then upon the following measuring devices, as in the case of single indication.

The new remote indicating plant lends itself equally well for integration of other service values It allows plainly the transmission of all kinds of measured values, physical and mechanical ones as well. If thereby the measured value can be brought for direct action on the rotating meter, it is necessary to transform them in any suitable manner.

It is believed that a more detailed description of the whole combination comprising my invention is not necessary for those familiar with the particular art, sufifice it to say that the specified structure illustrated may be departed from in a number of instances without in any Way affecting the principle embodied in my invention. So the potentiometer may be replaced by another element affecting the condition of a current circuit, for instance by an induction regulator.

Other modes of applying the principle of my invention may be employed instead of the one explained, changes being made as regards the mechanism herein disclosed, provided the means stated by any of the following claims or the equivalent of such stated means be employed.

What I claim is:

1. In a remote indicating system between a transmitter station and a receiver station opera ipacn th im uls om e sat on p incip e. a

rotating measuring instrument and a rotating compensating instrument at the transmitting station, a device responsive to the difference in speed between said instruments, an impulse generating unit controlled by said device for producing two distinct impulse sequences of different kind dependent upon the preponderant speed of the respective one of said instruments, means operated by said device for controlling the compensation current for said compensating instrument, an indicating arrangement at the receiver station, and a second device at the receiver station controlled by the impulse sequences transmitted thereto for influencing said indicating arrangement.

2. In a remote indicating system between a transmitter station and a receiver station operating on the impulse compensation principle, a

rotating measuring instrument and a rotating compensating instrument at the transmitting station, a, differential arrangement responsive to the difference speed between said instruments, an impulse generating unit controlled by said arrangement for producing two distinct impulse sequences of different kind dependent upon the direction of speed difference of said difierential arrangement, means operated by said differential arrangement for controlling the compensation current for said compensating instrument, indicating apparatus at the receiver station, and a second differential arrangement at the receiver station controlled by the impulse sequences transmitted thereto for influencing said indicating apparatus.

3. In a remote indicating system between a transmitter station and a receiver station operating on the impulse compensation principle, a

rotating measuring instrument and a rotating compensating instrument at the transmitting station, a difierential arrangement responsive to the difference in speed between said instrument-s comprising a differential gear having sun wheels driven in opposite directions by said measuring instrument and compensating instrument, and a planet wheel operated by said sun wheels, an impulse generating unit controlled b said arrangement for producing two distinct impulse sequences of different kind dependent upon the direction of movement of said planet wheel, a setting device operated by the movement of said planet wheel for controlling the compensation current for said compensating instrument, indicating apparatus at the receiver station, and a second diiferential arrangement at the receiver station controlled by the impulse sequences transmitted thereto for influencing said indicating apparatus.

4. The combination set forth in claim 3 wherein said first-mentioned differential arrangement comprises a differential gear having sun wheels driven in opposite directions respectively by servomotors and control devices for said servo-motors respectively controlled by said measuring instrument and compensating instrument.

5. The combination set forth in claim 3 wherein setting device comprises a potentiometer governing the current supply to said compensating instrument.

6. The combination set forth in claim 3 wherein the two impulse sequences produced by the impulse generating unit are alternating current impulses which are distinguished from each other in their frequency.

7. In a remote indicating system between a transmitter station and a receiver station operating on the impulse compensation principle, a rotating measuring instrument and a rotating compensating instrument at the transmitting station, a differential arrangement responsive to the difference in speed between said instruments, an impulse generating unit controlled by said arrangement for producing two, distinct impulse sequences of different kind dependent upon the direction of speed difference of said differential arrangement, means operated by the said differential arrangement for controlling the compensation current for said compensating instrument, indicating apparatus at the receiver station, a second differential arrangement at the receiver station controlled by the impulse sequences transmitted thereto for influencing said indicating apparatus comprising a differential gear having one sun wheel driven in one direction by an operating mechanism influenced by the impulse sequences of on kind, another sun wheel driven in the opposite direction by an operating mechanism influenced by the impulse sequences of the other kind, and a planet wheel operated by said sun wheels, and a setting device controlled by said planet wheel for affecting said indicating apparatus.

8. The combination set forth in claim 7 wherein said operating mechanisms for said sun wheels comprise servo-motors and impulse relays for controlling said servo-motors.

9. The combination set forth in claim 7 wherein said operating mechanisms for said sun wheels comprise servo-motors and impulse relays for controlling said servo-motors functioning as release relays.

' 10. The combination set forth in claim 3 wherein said indicating apparatus at the receiver station comprises a scale and said setting apparatus controlled by said planet wheel drives a pointer cooperating with said scale.

11. The combination set forth in claim 3 wherein said indicating apparatus at the receiver station comprises a metering instrument, and a potentiometer connected to said metering instrument adapted to be adjusted by said setting device.

12. The combination set forth in claim 3 wherein said first-mentioned differential arrangement is driven by servo-motors, and control devices for said servo-motors influenced by said measuring instrument and compensating instrument.

13. The combination set forth in claim 7 wherein said operating mechanisms for said sun wheels comprise servo-motors, impulse relays for controlling said servo-motors and additional control devices between said impulse relays and said servo-motors. Y

14. In a remote indicating system for an electric power transmission installation, between a transmitter station and a receiver station operating on the impulse compensation principle, a rotating electrical measuring instrument and a rotating electrical compensating instrument at the transmitting station, said compensating instrument being independent of voltage changes, a differential arrangement responsive to the difference in speed between said instruments, an impulse generating unit controlled by said arrangement for producing two distinct impulse sequences of diiferent kind dependent upon the preponderant speed of the respective one of said instruments, said differential arrangement in addition controlling the compensation current for said compensating instrument, electrical metering apparatus at the receiver station independent of voltage changes, and a second differntial arrangement at the receiver station controlled by the impulse sequences transmitted thereto for influencing said electrical metering apparatus.

15. In a remote indicating system between a transmitter station and a receiver station operating on the impulse compensation principle, a set of instruments comprising a rotating measuring instrument and a rotating compensating ins-trument at the transmitting station, a difierential arrangement for said set of instruments responsive to the difference in speed between the respective instruments, an impulse generating uni-t controlled by said arrangement for producing two distinct impulse sequences of different kind dependent upon the direction of speed difference of each of said difieren-tial arrangements, said differential arrangements in addition controlling the compensation current for said compensating instruments, a common difierential arrangement controlled by the impulses being transmitted, indieating and integrating apparatus at the receiver station and another differential arrangement at the receiver station controlled by the integrated impulse sequences transmitted thereto for infiuencing said indicating and integrating apparatus.

16. The combination set forth in claim 15 wherein said common difierential arrangement comprises a difierential gear combination which integrates for itself both impulse sequences of the set of transmitter instruments, transferring these impulse summations in opposite direction to the indicating and integrating apparatus at the receiver station.

: 1'7. In a remote indicating system for an electric power transmission installation, between a transmitter station and a receiver station operating on the impulse compensation principle, a set of instruments comprising a rotating electrical measuring instrument and a rotating electrical compensating instrument at the transmitting station for each of the active and reactive components of current, said compensating instruments being independent of voltage changes, a differential arrangement for said set of instruments re sponsive to the difierence in speed between said instruments, an impulse generating unit associated with said set of instruments controlled by said arrangement for producing two distinct impulse sequences of different kind dependent upon the preponderant speed of the respective one of said instruments, each of said difierential arrangements in addition controlling the compensation current for the respective compensating instrument-s, electrical meters at the receiver station independent of Voltage changes corresponding to each set of instruments at the transmitter station, one for measuring the active component and the other the reactive component of the current, a difierential arrangement at the receiver station controlled by the respective impulse sequences transmitted thereto for influencing said electrical meters, and an integrating mechanism at the receiver station for indicating the geometrical sum of the active and reactive components of current.

- WILLI BEUSCH.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 557,168 Great Britain Nov. 8, 1943 

